Il Messaggiere - Climate change: A farm in Rotterdam

A project that houses cows in a floating barn aims to demonstrate how farming can change its relationship with water and energy.

An overview of the issue of climate change and its effects on agriculture?

Climate change is no longer just a future threat, but a present reality that is already having a significant impact on agriculture worldwide. Rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns and an increase in extreme weather events pose immense challenges for farmers and threaten

The global average temperature has increased by about 1.1 degrees Celsius since pre-industrial times. This warming is leading to changes in the growing conditions for many crops. Some plant species are sensitive to higher temperatures, which can lead to reduced yields and quality losses. For example, grain filling can be affected in

Changing precipitation patterns and water scarcity
Climate change also affects precipitation patterns, leading to droughts in some regions and flooding in others. Water scarcity is becoming an increasingly pressing problem, especially in areas of intensive agricultural use. Without sufficient irrigation, plants suffer from drought stress, which inhibits growth and reduces yields. On the other hand, heavy rainfall and flooding

Increase in extreme weather events
More frequent and intense extreme weather events such as heat waves, storms and frost periods are having a significant impact on agricultural production. Such events can destroy entire harvests, damage infrastructure and have long-term effects on soil fertility. Farmers have to adapt to unpredictable weather conditions, which makes

Spread of pests and diseases
With rising temperatures and changing climate conditions, pests and plant diseases are also spreading into new areas. Insects, fungi and viruses that were previously limited by climatic conditions can now infest larger areas. This increases the demand for pesticides and poses additional challenges for organic farming.

Impacts on animal husbandry
Livestock farming is also affected by climate change. Heat stresses farm animals and can lead to reduced growth, lower milk production and increased mortality rates. In addition, climate change affects the availability of forage crops and water, which makes animal husbandry even more difficult.

Adapting cultivation practices: Crop rotation, conservation tillage and the use of cover crops can maintain soil fertility and increase resilience to extreme weather.
Breeding climate-resistant varieties: Developing plants that can better cope with heat, drought or flooding is crucial for future food security.
Efficient irrigation systems: Technologies such as drip irrigation reduce water consumption and help to use water more efficiently.
Early warning systems: Weather forecasts and warning systems can help farmers to be better prepared for extreme weather events.
Diversification: Diversifying crops and income sources helps farmers to better cushion risks.

Policy support and global cooperation
Tackling the effects of climate change on agriculture requires policy support and international cooperation. Investments in research and development, education, and infrastructure are necessary to support farmers in their adaptation efforts. Furthermore, it is important to reduce global emissions to mitigate further climate change.

Conclusion
Climate change poses a serious threat to agriculture and global food security. However, the effects can be mitigated through proactive adaptation measures, innovation and political support. It is crucial to act now to safeguard agriculture for future generations and ensure the sustainable nutrition of the world's population.